20 Time Final Post

Highlight your final product:

My final product for my 20 Time project was making a website and charms.

I made this charm to give to the people who donated to "Pencils of  Promise" through the site I created.

This is a screenshot of the page i made on crowd rise. This is where I raised money. This site is really interesting because people can donate DIRECTLY to the organization of choice.

I made a presentation (Presentation Link) that I showed to the class, which included statistics and an overview of the organization. I talked a lot about the man who created Pencils of Promise, Adam Braun. I was inspired to do my 20 time project because of a TedTalk Video (Ted Talk Video) I watched about this man.


Embed your Ted Talk Video: I could not find my Ted Talk Video on the page you posted on canvas. I presented last Friday when you weren't here.

Reflect on the TED Talk:I think my Ted Talk went really well. I think that I really addressed the goal of my project and my learning experience. I also made sure to speak louder than I usually speak, so people could hear what I had to say. If I could do this project again, I would talk less about Adam Braun and the Ted Talk video and focus more on my product and process.

I think that I included everything that was addressed in the rubric, so I would give myself a 75/75. I made sure to include 3 references and describe my learning experience and setbacks.
To prepare for my 20 Time project, I made a presentation and wrote out a speech. For the first couple times, I practiced my speech using the paper. However, after a little bit, I didn't need the speech anymore and I started to just practice my presentation by just looking at my google slides presentation. I don't really do a lot of presentations in my other classes, so it was really nice to see how much I could say and how well I could speak during a presentation. I feel that in life, you have to give a lot of presentations, especially if you want to be involved in business. This experience will definitely help me in the future. I have grown through this experience because in my topic, I learned a lot about charities and organizations and what people in other countries are going through. It's really important for people like us to see that others in areas like Asia and South America are struggling every day. This project made me more aware of the outside world.

20 Time Individual Reflection

20% Time is where 20% of class time is dedicated to a student project (has to be problem/solution oriented, but students have total freedom to pick their topic). For my 20% Time Project, I have chosen to raise money and bring more awareness about helping others who do not have access to the same things as we do. Initially, I wanted to raise money for an organization called Pencils of Promise, a non profit organization that funds scholarships, builds schools, and trains teachers, by making crafts and selling them to people. After a couple weeks, I realized that I wanted to do more than just donate money to this organization. I wanted to show people how important it is to help your community. I decided to make a website where I list some good organizations to donate to and also quotes from people in our community who regularly donate and how they feel when they give back to the community. I also made a short youtube video (I still need to edit) where I interviewed people on their thoughts on donations and charities. I asked them certain questions like if they enjoy giving than receiving. It was very interesting to see the results and I made the video so others can also (I will show in Ted Talk Presentation). It was very challenging to make the charms, which took me a couple weeks to master. 

I ended up selling only 10 before I realized that I rather bring more awareness toward the different organizations so more people will be inspired to give back to the community. I chose this challenge because I think giving back to the community is important and I love helping others who are less fortunate. My goal was initially raise money for an organization called Pencils of Promise that builds schools in poorer areas where education is not a priority, but later on, my goal was to help others realize that giving back to the community is important and should not be ignored. I did achieve my goal by selling few charms to people and making a website and youtube video so people can become more aware about my message about helping society. 

I actually really enjoyed doing this project. It was really great to give back to the community and helping others realize that giving is important. This project is definitely a life-long project because it is hard to get the whole world to agree to help others, since many only think about their own needs. 

This 20 Time Project helped me learn more about the different organizations and how fortunate we are to grow up in a community where everyone is so caring and helpful. I realize that we need to help others if we want to make a difference in this world. 

I am going to continue to raise awareness to giving to others for my whole life and hopefully, my efforts will make a difference in the world.

Reflexes Lab

In this lab, we tested out the photo pupillary reflex, the knee jerk reflex, the blink reflex, and the babe, what's your sign reflex. We then did an activity where we tested our response time to something we see with two trials: one with texting and one without. In the notes, we learned that reflexes are rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses to stimuli. A reflex arc is a pathway to nerve impulses and they do not go to the brain. Reflexes are simply natural reactions we are all born with and they are a sign that your body is healthy. Neurons are highly specialized to transmit messages from one part of the body to another.

Claim Evidence Reasoning

Part 1: Photopupillary Reflex

Claim: When the intensity of the light entering the eye increases, a photopupillary reflex is triggered, and the colliery body of the iris is stimulated to contract. We observed that the pupil decreased in size  and less light entered the eye.

Evidence: In our experiment, I covered my eye with my hands for two minutes and then after, shined a flashlight close to one eye. We observed the pupil and played close attention to the size. We saw that the size of the pupil decreased, and less light entered the eye.

Reasoning: This reflex occurred because the photopupillary reflex is triggered when the intensity of the light entering the eye increases.

Part 2: Knee Jerk Reflex

Claim: The knee jerk reflex is a 2 neuron reflex arc. The reflex goes from sensory neuron to spinal cord to motor neuron to the knee. The knee jerk reflex is also called a monosynaptic reflex because there is only one synapse in the circuit needed to complete the reflex. We observed t hat when Michelle hit my knee at a certain spot near my knee cap, my leg kicked out;

Evidence: In our experiment, Michelle hit my knee at a spot just below the knee cap. On my first try, my leg did not kick out, but after several tries, it finally worked. I think that our problem at first was that we did not hit the right place, but soon figured out our mistake.

Reasoning: The tap below the knee causes the thigh muscle to stretch. Information is then send to the spinal cord. After one synapse in the ventral horn of the spinal cord, the information is sent back out to the muscle.

Part 3: Blind Reflex

Claim: The Blind reflex is the automatic closure of the eyelid when an object is perceived as coming to rapidly to the eye. We observed that I did blink as a cotton ball was thrown at me.

Evidence: I stood behind a see-through barrier and Michelle through a cotton ball at me, and I did the same to her after. We both blinked every time the cotton ball was thrown over, which shows that the blink reflex did work properly for both of us.

Reasoning: People blink typically 15 times per minute, and this reflex really does protect the cornea from dying out and from contact with foreign objects. This reflex response is initiated by sensory stimuli that activate afferent neurons.

Part 4: Babe, what's your sign

Claim: The plantar reflex is used as an important neurological test. It is initiated when the sole of the food is stimulated with a blunt instrument. Our claim is that as a result, our toes did flex and move closer together, which shows that this reflex was functioning properly.

Evidence: In this test, I sat on the table and took my shoes and socks off of one food. Michelle took a pen with a cap on it and firmly grade the pen up the sole of the food from the heel to the base of the big toe. As a result, we observed that the toes flexed and moved closer together.

Reasoning: This response occurred because the plantar reflex was working properly in each of our bodies. This reflex was a response that occurred when the body receives a certain stimuli. However, if there is nerve damage one might show Babinski's sign, where the toes spread apart and upward.

Part 5: How Fast are You?

This activity is designed to measure response time to something that you see. In this test, we took a ruler and helped is near the end with the highest number and let is hang down. We had another person put his or her hand at the bottom of the ruler and have them ready to grab the ruler. We recorded the level at which we each caught the ruler. We had three trials and took the average time (used table to convert the distance to time).
This reaction time experiment required visual information to travel to the brain. Then our brain sent a motor command to the muscles of your arm and hand.
My average time was 0.18 seconds and Michelle's average time was 0.15 seconds.

We repeated the test again, except this time we texted while doing it. We observed that our reaction time was dramatically reduced.

My average time without texting was 0.18 seconds but my average time with texting was 0.42 seconds, which shows that texting did have a huge effect on my time.

Table:

Data while texting

Data without texting

Table: Class Data

This test showed us that texting can severely decrease reaction rate. This therefore shows that texting while driving is very dangerous and it is a huge distraction. This is a major reason so many people die in car accidents. Texting changed the reaction rate.

In this picture, we are doing the "How Fast Are You?" Test

My Brain Map

To complete this assignment, I used a website called Your Brain Map ( Brain Map) where I got  to observe the different parts of the brain and their different functions/interesting facts.

An interactive infographic by Open Colleges

Cerebral Cortex

1. What do the frontal lobes do?

The frontal lobe controls your personality, but it's also where problem solving, memory, judgement, and impulse control occur. The frontal lobe executes your behavior. The left side of the lobe deals with "language based" while the right side of the brain involves processes that don't require language.

1. What is the relationship between selective attention and learning?

Selective Attention shows that your intelligence levels depend on how selective you are when remembering information. It makes your working memory capacity greater as it allows you to prioritize important, organ used information above unimportant, little used information. Many people think that 'more facts' in your brain equals 'more intelligence' but this is not the case. It is more about how you control the spotlight of your intelligence. 

1. What is the last part of your brain to develop and what can you do to prevent it from deteriorating? 

The frontal lobe is the last part of your brain to develop and it will be the first to deteriorate with age. There are exercises you can do to prevent your frontal lobe from deteriorating.

1. What does the neo cortex do?

The neo cortex helps you to navigate your body. It governs your senses, spatial awareness, and motor skills.

1. What is the role of the pre frontal cortex?

The pre frontal cortex controls your personality, including how you behave in social situations. It organizes your thought and actions to match cohesively with your internal goals. 

1. What do we know about the pre frontal cortex’s relationship with multitasking?

The prefrontal cortex has a "central bottleneck" which is there to prevent you from doing more than two major things at one time. Despite what you are often told, multitasking does not really exist as your brain is really just jumping from one last to another quickly, often meaning that the quality of the tasks you complete is inferior.

1. Which part of the brain is associated with speech and language development?  Give an interesting fact about this region.

Broca's Area is responsible for speech production, language comprehension, interpreting the actions of others and your speech associated gestures. There have been instances where tumors have occurred in people in this part of the brain but they were still able to speak, suggesting that in these cases language skills may have been shifted to other nearby parts of the brain.

1. Which part of your brain is responsible for thinking the following: “Is it hot in here or is it just me?”
2. What does your visual cortex do for you?

The Somatosensory Cortex is responsible for thinking "is it hot in here or is it just me?" 

The Visual Cortex helps differentiate colors and distinguish complex things such as faces. Without this all your friends and teachers would look the same. 

1. State three interesting or significant facts about your occipital lobe.

The Occipital Lobe is your brain's processing center. It collects and categorizes visual data. It also deals with your imagination and allows you to process short and long term memories. This part of the brain allows you to register the contexts of me and you and now and then.

1. What would happen if your temporal lobes were damaged?

Without this part of the brain, you might forget where you parked your car to get to class, or where the bus stops is: you'd ha e to take a map everyday!

1. What is your “fast brain” and what does it do?

I could not find the answer to this question, but I am guessing that it is part of the brain which carries out roles quickly? 

Neuron

1. State 3 things that you could do that would influence your synapses, and have a positive affect on your life and health.

Exercise and a healthy diet provide many benefits for your brain to function. Omega fatty acids help benefit brain function, particularly as these affect the brain's synapses. Eating these fatty acids (ex: fish) can improve the functioning of your synapses. Socializing is also a factor in healthy brain function.

1. What is the relationship between multi-sensory or multi-modal learning and your dendrites?

Dendritic spines are moveable protrusions of the neuron's dendrite. Their lifespan is influenced by your experience which is laid down by your input activity. This means multiple stimulations mean you will have a better memory. If you engage multiple regions of your brain in storing data about a particular subject, there will be more opportunities for your brain to pull up data from multiple sources. This cross referencing of data stored in your brain may convert the new knowledge from something you have memorized to something you have learned. This concept is known as multi modal learning.

1. How does “big picture thinking” and mnemonics affect dendrites and/or learning?

Studies show that you need to use 'big picture thinking' to fully comprehend a subject, and then break the subject down into its relevant parts. Learning should be structured around real problems as this helps put 'you' (the learner) into the context and information being examined. Many people find success when employing mnemonic devices to learn. It is a learning technique where you try to remember a personal, humorous, spatial or relatable information about a topic in order to recall it, rather than focusing on abstract facts.

1. Describe a neurotransmitter that you feel is very important.  Justify your reasoning.

Glutamine plays a key role in how you learn. Glutamate is vital to long term potentiation, a strengthening of the synapses, which is a way that scientists explain the formation of long term memories. Glutamine is essential for our brain functioning to study, particularly as it deals with learning and memory.

Limbic System

1. What does the corpus callosum do?

Corpus Callosum deals with cognitive, motor, and sensory functions between the two hemispheres. Your corpus callous is where you get your oral language skills and your ability to comprehend how language is structured. It is also involved in reading, dealing with the concepts of print, handwriting and the movement of your eyes.

1. What is the relationship between music and the corpus callosum? 

Research has indicated that studying music can help to strengthen the conversation between the two hemispheres of your brain. Musical practice was found to improve the function between the two hands.

1. Why is the thalamus important?

Thalamus is responsible for motor control, sensory information and states of consciousness such as alertness and sleep. It also deals with your memory, your emotions, your consciousness, awareness and attention.

Relate and Review 

Summarize what you learned from this tutorial.  Relate what you learned to your everyday life and how you can make it better.  Use at least 5 of the bolded words from the questions.  5-sentence minimum. You may use the back of this if needed.


This tutorial was really helpful because it helped me learn the limbic system, cerebral cortex, and neurons. The complete functioning of the brain is vital to people's lives. If some parts of the brain aren't working, it is very detrimental and can lead to death of many problems in the future. I found it very interesting that exercise and a healthy diet can improve brain functioning because I did not know that being healthy affected the brain function. This tutorial helped me understand many essential parts of the brain. For example, the Thalamus is responsible for motor control, sensory information and states of consciousness such as alertness and sleep. It also deals with your memory, your emotions, your consciousness, awareness and attention. Your Corpus Callosum deals with cognitive, motor, and sensory functions between the two hemispheres. Your corpus callous is where you get your oral language skills and your ability to comprehend how language is structured. My mom's friend has a damaged temporal lobe, and I previously did not know what this meant. Now I know that without this part of the brain, you might forget where you parked your car to get to class, or where the bus stops is: you'd ha e to take a map everyday! The frontal lobe is also very important because it controls your personality, but it's also where problem solving, memory, judgement, and impulse control occur. The Occipital Lobe is your brain's processing center. It collects and categorizes visual data. The brain is very complex, and this tutorial helped me understand the key roles of each part of the brain. This assignment related to the clay brain because in the clay brain, we made the brain out of clay to understand the anatomy of the brain. In this assignment, we got to understand more about the anatomy but also got to understand the physiology of the brain.

Brain Dissection

In this lab, we dissected a sheep brain and identified the different parts of the brain; in particular, the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, thalamus, optic nerve, medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, corpus callous, hypothalamus, gray matter, and white matter. We made two cuts on the brain; first we cut it in half longitudinally so that we could observe the medial plane of the brain. Then we made a cross sectional cut of the cerebrum which allowed us to see the gray matter and white matter more distinctly. We did notes on the brain structure, so this lab was a good follow up to understand more about the physiology and anatomy of the brain and how they work together. We learned in the notes that the parts of the brain are the cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum. In this lab, we got to visually see the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem.

Table of Functions:

Question 1: Sketch of Brain / Picture of Brain

Sketch of Brain parts

Blue pin is the brain stem. Green pin is the cerebellum. Yellow Pin is the Cerebrum. White pin is the anterior part of brain and black pin is the posterior part of brain.

Question 2: Functions of each of the structures

Question 3: What is the function of myelin in a neuron?

The myelin sheet is very essential to the proper functioning of the nervous system. When the myelin is not functioning properly, nerve impulses slow down and begins to shrivel. A disease that result from damaged myelin sheath is sclerosis. The myelin sheath increases the speed at which impulses spread along the myelinated fiber.

Question 4: Sketch of Cross-Section / Picture of Cross Section

Sketch of Important Brain Parts

This is a picture showing the specific parts of the brain visible in the medial brain. To identify the structures, look at the table of functions above.

Question 5: Functions of Structures

Question 6: Detailed Sketch/Picture of Cross Section with Gray Matter and White Matter

Sheep Eye Dissection Analysis

I worked with Mary and Eric in this lab, so we have the same pictures:)

The eye contains many important parts that have to work together to produce clear vision. In this lab, we dissected a sheep eye and identified the different parts of the eye and how they all worked together (aka we observed the Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye)

The sclera is the white outer coat of the eye that protects the eye from injury because it is very tough (observed by feeling  the sclera in the eye). It also serves as an attachment for muscles that move the eye. 

The cornea is the transparent part of the sclera so you can see. It begins the light focusing process and does not contain any blood vessels. It receives nutrients from the aqueous humor. 

We noticed that the eye was covered with fat, which we did not expect. It took us a long time to peel off all the fat from the sheep eye.

Identified in the picture is the external eye muscle. It controls the movement of the eyeball and directs the eye to a point of interest. 

The vitreous humor is a large gel like portion of the eyeball that occupies the space behind the lens and in front of the retina at the back of the eye.

The Retina is located near the optic nerve and it receives light that the lens has focused and converts it into neural signals which it sends on to the brain for processing. It looks like a thin layer of tissues.

The Choroid lies between the retina and sclera and provides nourishment for the back of the eye. The choroid is interesting because there are pigment cells within the choroid that absorb stray light.

The Blind Spot is a small portion of the visual field of each eye.

The lens is important because it is involved in changing the focal distance of the eye so that it can focus on objects at various distances. The lens changes shape.

The Ciliary Body  produces and secretes aqueous humor that is essential to regulate the pressure within the eye. It contains muscles that act on the crystalline lens to change its shape and shift the focus of the eye from far to near. The Ciliary Body has two portions called the pars plicate and the pars plana.




The suspensory ligament of the eyeball functions to support the eye and prevents downward displacement of the eyeball



The iris is the colored part of the eye that controls light levels inside the eye. The pupil os the round opening in the center of the iris. The size of the pupil determines the amount of light that enters the eye.

Below is a picture of all the parts of the eye clearly identified in one picture. Notice that this is a human eye.

Bringing More Awareness to Important Organizations/Charities

I have learned a lot about the different organizations and charities that are tying to help make people's lives better and easier. This week, I decided to make a website where I describe and list the different charities that most people are unaware of, so hopefully people can realize the significance to donate to these organizations. It was very interesting to research different charities for children because I was not aware of mostly all of them and now I feel that I know more about all these charities. I have learned that I used to not really care about learning all the organizations and donating to more charities, but now I know that helping others is important. In other poorer countries, people live much harder lives and these organizations help them, so I learned that life for me is definitely not as hard what others are going through, so I need to help bring more awareness so other people can realize how important donating is. I also started to make charms of pencils to raise more money for Pencils of Promise, which I plan to sell sometime this month.

I have had a lot of setbacks. For example, it took me a really long to make the charm, but after a lot of practice, I finally got it. The next step in my process is continuing to lengthen my website and sell my charms to people.  I was thinking of selling my charms to patients at my mom's work. I can apply what I have learned to my community because in Saratoga, life is easy and we don't have to worry about getting enough food for the family; our priorities are nothing compared to the people in other countries who are dying of starvation. I think our community needs to realize how important it is to help others in their community and also outside.
This is my website so far:
Charities/Organizations Weebly

The Clay Brain

To make the clay brain, we used play-doh to make a model of the brain and the different parts of the brain. It was a 2-d brain, so we used cardboard for a template to put the brain on. I really liked this activity because it helped me understand the brain parts more. We made two models of the brain: one on the left hemisphere from the right looking at the sagittal plane and the other was a lateral view of the right cerebral hemisphere.

"The Woman with a hole in her Brain" Analysis

This article talked about a rare occasion where a woman is alive without a cerebellum in her brain. The cerebellum's main job is to control voluntary movements and balance and also is involved in our ability to learn specific motor actions and speak. If the cerebellum is not functioning properly, it can lead to severe mental impairment and movement disorders. However, the woman he was missing her cerebellum only summered mild to moderate motor deficiency. This is important because it highlights the remarkable plasticity of the brain. The brain is a very complex organ, and it is interesting to understand how the brain circuity works and compensates for missing arts. This article is not relatable to a lot of people because there are few people in the world who live without their cerebellum and survive their early years of life. This article relates to what we are learning because we are learning about the different parts of the brain and their functions; this article teaches us the importance of the cerebellum and its function.  

The Frontal Lobe is the front part of the brain that is involved in planning, organizing, problem solving, and selective attention. The Frontal lobe is considered our emotional control center and home to our personality. 

You can technically live without a front lobe, but you would have paralysis of motor control and cognitive abilities. You would not be able to have any reasoning skills and form simple thoughts. You also would not be able to move. Frontal lobe damage can lead to lack of initiation and movement, memory loss, sequencing difficulties, behavior changes, distractibility, and reduced attention and concentration. No other parts of the brain could take over.

Unit 7 Reflection

This unit was in general about the Muscular System. We learned about the properties of muscle tissue, muscle function and classification, muscle names and basic anatomy, muscle contraction, directional terms and joint movements, performance enhancements, and muscle twitch. The essential understandings are basic anatomy of major muscles, skeletal muscles work in opposing pairs to produce varying types of movement, muscle contraction steps, and humans often use substances to boost performance.
We started off learning about the muscle functions, which were movement of bones or fluids, maintaining posture and body position, stabilizing joints, and heat generation. The properties of muscle tissue are excitability (ability to receive and respond to stimuli), contractibility (ability to shorten when stimulated), extensibility (ability to be stretched), and elasticity (ability to recoil to resting length). Origin is the immovable end of the muscle while insertion is the movable end of muscle . Each muscle is composed to many bundles of muscle fibers. Each muscle fiber is an individual cell that contains many myofibrils. Each sarcomere is composed of 2 protein filaments, called actin and myosin. The steps of contraction are very complex, but in short, the muscle contraction is triggered by electrical impulse and the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium causing contraction. We learned about directional terms also such as flexion and abduction. We learned about all the different types of muscles like masseter and temporalis.
Anabolic steroids are used to boost athletic performance, build muscle, and increase body mass. In my previous blog post, I had to make an Anabolic Steroid Advertisement (Link of Advertisement blog post). To make the muscle contraction steps easier, we made a skit with our table group (Muscle Contraction Skit) Below is a picture that I used when I was studying the different steps. I find it very useful.

To help us learn the different muscles, we did a chicken dissection lab. Displayed below is a picture of the different muscles.

I want to learn more about the different performance enhancing substances and their affects on the body. I don't really understand what doping is and I wonder about why there are so many myths about performance enhancements.
I think I have grown tremendously this year. I am better at writing in my blog and have more experience with the website. I have learned a lot about my 20 Time project, like becoming more aware of the world outside Saratoga. (20 Time Blog Post).
My new years goal was to stop procrastinating. I have gotten better at that, but some classes, I still procrastinate doing all my work. I am focusing more in class, which is great! (New Years Goals)

Raising Money for Pencils of Promise

My topic was to raise money for an organization called Pencils of Promise, which provides an education for students in poorer areas. I slightly modified my topic because instead of selling bracelets, I am going to be selling charms/key chains made out of rubber bands. I decided to do this instead because as a kid, I used to be obsessed with making charms out of rubber bands, so it won't be hard to make it. So far, I have made a couple heart charms. I plan on selling the charms all at once so it will be easier for me.

I have learned that raising money for an organization can be tough because it requires a lot of effort. I haven't figured out how much I am going to sell everything yet. I have learned that I really want to help people in poorer countries get an education and I am really interested in helping people live a better life overall. 

I did have a setback, making the bracelets, but I fixed that problem by changing my method of raising money to making charms out of rubber bands, which I have had a lot of experience with.

The next step in my process is to just continue to make new products and eventually sell them. I don't know if I can sell them at school, so I am still trying to figure out where, how much, and how I am going to sell them.

I have learned that a lot of people in the world are not as fortunate as us. I feel like in Saratoga, we live in a bubble and a lot of people are not aware of all the other stuff that is happening in the world. I feel that raising money for Pencils of Promise will not only make other students more aware of the situation in other countries, but it will also help me understand it. 

Pictures of some charms made so far:

Performance Enhancements Advertisement: Anabolic Steroids

Performance Enhancing Substance means a manufactured produce for oral ingestion, intranasal application or inhalation containing compounds that contain a stimulant, amino acid, hormone precursor herb or other botanical or any other substance other than an essential vitamin or mineral. They are intended to increase athletic performance, promote muscle growth, induce weight loss or increase an individuals endurance or capacity for exercise.
Specifically, anabolic steroids are used to increase muscle mass and strength. They increase protein within the cells. They were first made in 1930 and now are used to stimulate muscle growth and appetite. However, anabolic steroids are really bad for one's health. It causes more acne, high blood pressure, liver damage, harmful changes in cholesterol levels, and baldness. Mostly all performing enhancing substances are harmful. Steroids are harmful because they can damage a person's mental and physical health. Anabolic steroids come with serious side effects as well.
In this advertisement, we put in small font the side effects because we wanted to imitate what commercials of medicine do in real life. We put a picture of a bald person and a person with acne to show the side effects in a positive way since its an advertisement (bald person is smiling). We also put pictures of a strong man. However, steroids in high dosages should never be used because they can really ruin a person's health for the rest of their life.

Chicken Muscle Dissection Lab Analysis

In this lab, each group dissected a chicken and identified major muscles such as the deltoid, the triceps humeralis, and biceps brachii. To make sure we identified all the muscles, we were told to take pictures and label each of the muscles, so we can make sure we identified the muscles correctly and this will help us learn more about the different muscles and characteristics. I learned where all the major muscles are and where they are located on a chicken. We went over the muscles in our lectures, so most of our group knew in general about where each of the muscles were. The lecture helped us greatly for this lab. 

Muscles, bones, and tendons play a huge role in movement. Tendons (muscles attached to bones) are flexible chords of strong fibrous collagen tissue. Bones tissue is a type of dense connective tissue, and the bone protects and supports many vital organs in the body. Muscles are the ones that are used like levers in machines and the muscle supports the muscle so it is able to do it. For example, the shoulder joint is joined with the biceps together by a tendon. Also, the biceps and the radius/ulna are joined by a tendon. Therefore, muscles, bones, and tendons are needed to allow the body to move.

The picture on the left shows the origin or biceps, the tendon, and the insertion of biceps (radius). Basically, the origin is the fixed attachment while the insertion moves with contraction. For example, for the muscle biceps brachii, the origin is the caracoled process, the insertion is the radius, and the action is that it flexes the antebrachium. Another example is the triceps brachii, where the origin is the humerus, the insertion is the olecranon, and action is that it extends the antebrachium.

Chickens and humans both have the same types of tissues: epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and connective tissue. Chickens have the same types of muscles as humans, such as the forearm, triceps, and biceps. Chickens also have similar bone structure, like the shoulder joint, which lets the chicken move its wings. The differences are that chickens can't move their metacarpals, while humans can. The biceps brachia is smaller in chickens and bigger in humans, but they both help with the flexion of the arms. The muscles in humans are so much smaller in chickens than in humans. 

The sartorius is the longest muscle in the human body. The muscle helps flex, adduct, and rotate the hip. Functionally, the iliotibial tract extends the tensor fascia latae muscle into the lower thigh and leg, allowing it to function as an abductor

Biceps Fermoris performs knee flexion
The quadriceps femurs stabilize the patella (knee cap) and knee joint

The Deltoid is involved in arm abduction along the frontal plane
The Triceps humeralis can fixate the elbow joint.
Biceps Brachii helps control the movement of the shoulder and elbow

Brachioradialis flexes the forearm at the elbow.
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris is involved with flexor and ulnar deviation of the wrist.

Quadriceps Femoris is a group of muscles located in the front of the thigh.

Both the Semimbranosus and Semitendinosus flex the leg and extend the thigh.

Gastrocnemius is involved with plantar flexing the foot at the ankle join and flexing the left at the knee joint.
The peroneus longus everts and plantar flexes the foot.
The Tibialis Anterior movements are dorsiflexion and inversion of the ankle 

The Latissimus Dorsi is involved with extension and adduction
Trapezius extends the scapulae and supports the arm.

2nd Blog Post: 20 Time

Title: Raising Money for a Great Cause

The purpose of my 20 Time project was to sell bracelets and necklaces that I make from scratch; all the money that I make will be donated to an organization called Pencils of Promise, which basically helps fund scholarships, trains teaches, and builds schools. I have learned  that a lot of people don't donate to this organization because since it was founded in 2008, so not that many people have heard of it. I hope to bring awareness of this organization because I believe education is important. I have learned that I am not very good at making crafts because I have attempted to make two bracelets so far (tutorials on youtube) and none of them have worked. For example, one of the necklaces I tried to make was a pendant out of a hot glue gun, but It didn't work. I am going to attempt again over the weekend. My setbacks were actually making the bracelets because it isn't that easy. I plan to handle them by trying harder and hopefully, I keep learning from each mistake I make. The next steps in my process is to try to hopefully make at least 10 items and sell them to people I know. I can apply what I have learned to the community and school by raising awareness for the important of donating to Pencils of Promise. 

What Happens when You Stretch

3 Important Quotes and Explanations:

1. "As the sarcomere contracts, the area of overlap between the thick and thin myofilaments. As it stretches, this area of overlap decreases, allowing the muscle fiber to elongate."
-I find this quote interesting because we learned a lot about muscle contraction in class, where the myosin and actin filaments overlap each other and the sarcomere shortens. However, when you stretch a muscle the process is different because the area of overlap decreases and the muscle fiber length increases.

2. "When you stretch your calf, you want to contract the shin muscles by flexing your foot. However, the hamstrings use the calf as a synergist so you want to relax the hamstrings by contracting the quadricep."
-I find this quote interesting because before tennis, I always stretch my calf, but sometimes I don't do it properly. This quote helps me understand the proper ways to stretch your calf to get an effective result.

3. "One of the reasons for holding a stretch for a prolonged period of time is that as you hold the muscle in a stretched position, the muscle spindle habituates (becomes accustomed to the new length) and reduces its signaling. Gradually, you can train your stretch receptors to allow greater lengthening of the muscles."
-I find this quote interesting because as holding your stretch for a long period of time can actually help train your stretch receptors to allow you to allow greater lengthening of muscles in the future.

Relate and Review:
The article was about the different things that happen in the body when someone stretches a muscle. I learned that the sarcomere contracts during muscle contraction, which allows the actin and myosin filaments to overlap each other. I learned that as you stretch, the area of overlap decreases and muscle fiber elongates. I also learned what proprioception is: the perception of one's own body position and movement. There are two kinds of muscle fibers: intrafusal muscle fibers and extrafusal muscle fibers. Also, when muscles contract, they produce tension at the point where the muscle is connected to the tendon. Lastly, I learned that it is easier to stretch a muscle that is relaxed than to stretch a muscle that is contracting. This article relates back to my life because I stretch all the time before sports and I never knew what actually occurs in the body when you stretch. I never knew that if you hold your stretch for a prolonged time, it can train your stretch receptors to allow greater lengthening of the muscles.

Unit 6 Reflection

This Unit was about the Skeletal System, which contains the bones, joints, cartilages, and ligaments. It is divided into two divisions: axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. The Essential Understandings were the classification of bones, grow and microscopic anatomy of bones, functions and dysfunctions of the skeletal system, lifestyle choices affects bone health, relationship between structure and function to bones, tissues, and cells, and how the skeletal system works to help maintain homeostasis. This unit taught me (themes) about the disorders of the skeletal system and the different types of bones, the roles of vitamins, cells, and environment on bone density, and how the bone repairs itself after being fractured. It was really interesting to learn about the process of bone repair because I never have broken a bone, so before this, I didn't know how repairing bone worked. First, bleeding and inflammation produces a blood clot. After 48 hours, the clot softens and produces a mass of protein fibers called priceless. The Fibroblasts arrive and secrete dense connective tissue which replaces pro callus. Then Chrondroblasts and osteoblasts arrive. By the end of the first week, cartilage and bone appear throughout the site and eventually, osseous callus appears which can later heal the bone. 

I want to learn more about the different disorders of the Skeletal System. We learned in little detail about arthritis (inflammation of joints),  osteoporosis (bones lose minerals), scoliosis (abnormal curvature of spine), kyphosis (spine may develop a hump), lordosis (excessive curvature of lumbar spine), and reckless (softening and weakening of bones). I wonder about how the bone knows to release calcium into blood (in parathyroid hormone). I get that it is because level of calcium in blood goes down, but I wonder how that process works. I don't have any unanswered questions.

I have learned a lot in this class so far. Learning about the different systems in the body helps me understand the physiology and anatomy of the body better. Even though the pellet lab was smelly, I really liked that lab because we got to find bones in the pellet and identify which organism it was. I like those types of labs because it is up to the students to figure out the right answer. (Owl Pellet Lab Link) I also liked the lab where we got to identify the different parts of the skeleton because it really helped me understand the anatomy of the bones.

The 20 Time Project has also helped me learn about different organizations and how they are making a difference in the world. (20 Time Project Link). My New Years Goal was to listen and focus more in class and I think that I have definitely improved on those abilities. Another one of my goals was to not procrastinate, but I am still working on that goal currently.

Pictures:

Owl Pellet Lab

Eric Standing Next to the Skeleton, which we used in our Lab

Picture of leg bones